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Licchavi (kingdom)
Licchavi (also ''Lichchhavi'', ''Lichavi'') was an ancient kingdom in Nepal, which existed in the Kathmandu Valley from approximately 400 to 750 CE. Centuries earlier, at the start of the Buddhist era a powerful republic known as Licchavi existed in what is today Kathmandu. There is no conclusive evidence of any ethnic or historic links between the two states. The language of Licchavi inscriptions is Sanskrit, and the particular script used is closely related to official Gupta scripts, suggesting that the other major kingdoms of the Classical Period to the south were a significant cultural influence. This was likely through Mithila - the northern part of modern Bihar, India. The term 'Licchavi' term probably derives from Rikshavi possibly Sanskritized to Rkshvavati. ''Riksha'' or ''Rksha'' in Sanskrit means Star. A table of the evolution of certain Gupta characters used in Licchavi inscriptions prepared by Gautamavajra Vajrācārya can be found online.〔(Gautamavajra Vajrācārya, "Recently Discovered Inscriptions of Licchavi Nepal", ''Kathmandu Kailash - Journal of Himalayan Studies.'' Volume 1, Number 2, 1973. (pp. 117-134) )〕
==Records==
It is believed that the Lichhavi, having lost their political fortune in India, came to Nepal, attacking and defeating the last Kirat King Gasti. In the Buddhist Pali canon, the Licchavi are mentioned in a number of discourses, most notably the Licchavi Sutta,〔("Licchavi Sutta," translated from the Pali by Thanissaro Bhikkhu (2004). )〕 the popular Ratana Sutta〔("Ratana Sutta: The Jewel Discourse," translated from the Pali by Piyadassi Thera (1999). )〕 and the fourth chapter of the Petavatthu.〔(Petavatthu, Fourth Chapter, in Pali. )〕 The Mahayana Vimalakirti Sutra also spoke of the city of Vaisali as where the lay Licchavi bodhisattva Vimalakirti was residing.
The earliest known physical record of the kingdom is an inscription of Manadeva 1, which dates from 464. It mentions three preceding rulers, suggesting that the Licchavi dynasty began in the late 4th century.
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